Pentazocine is a synthetically-prepared prototypical mixed agonist-antagonist narcotic (opioid analgesic) drug of the benzomorphan class of opioids used to treat mild to moderately severe pain. Pentazocine is sold under several brand names, such as Fortral, Talwin NX (with the mu-antagonist naloxone, will cause withdrawal in opioid dependent persons), Talwin, Talwin PX (without naloxone), Fortwin (Lactate injectable form) and Talacen (with acetaminophen). This compound may exist as one of two enantiomers, named (+)-pentazocine and (-)-pentazocine. (-)-pentazocine is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, while (+)-pentazocine is not, instead displaying a ten-fold greater affinity for the sigma receptor. Talwin PX is the main pentazocine pharmaceutical in Canada, where laws and regulations prohibit the addition of naloxone to the formulation for non-therapeutic purposes. Related drugs include phenazocine, dezocine, cyclazocine, salvinorin A (distantly) and several chemicals used in research on the central nervous system, and the Greek equivalent of the first letter of the name of the drug ketocyclazocine is the source of the name of the kappa opioid receptor type, as is the case with morphine and mu receptors and dynorphin and delta opioid receptors.
Pentazocin
Pentazocin je mešoviti
agonist-antagonist morfina. U malim dozama, njegovo dejstvo je veoma
slično morfinu, ali povećanje doze ne izaziva odgovarajuće povećanje
efekta. Zbog toga u velikim dozama, pentazocin izaziva samo blagu
depresiju disanja, ali izaziva izraženu disforiju sa noćnim morama i
halucinacijama. Takođe teži da izazove povišenje krvnog pritiska.
Pokazuje manju tendenciju da izazove zavisnost, a njegova akutna
toksičnost je mnogo manja.
Tramadol
Tramadol je noviji opioidni analgetik.
Njegova analgetska aktivnost je značajno slabija od one morfina.
Njegova sposobnost da inhibira disanje je izuzetno slaba, dok je rizik
razvoja zavisnosti minimalna. Ali, ipak je veoma dobar analgetik.
Izgleda da njegov mehanizam delovanja nije u potpunosti isti kao kod
drugih opioida jer on deluje i preko noradrenalina i serotonina u
kičmenoj moždini.
Dextropropoxyphene, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is used to treat mild pain and is additionally an anti-tussive and local anesthetic.
Dextropropoxyphene is sometimes combined with paracetamol or acetylsalicylic acid. Trade-names include Darvocet-N and Di-Gesic[2] Darvon with APAP for dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol and Darvon with ASA for dextropropoxyphene and aspirin.[3] The paracetamol combination(s) are known as Capadex or Di-Gesic in Australia, Lentogesic in South Africa, and Di-Antalvic in France. The paracetamol preparation is known as co-proxamol in the UK, but has been withdrawn since 2007 and is no longer available to new patients.[4]
Zloupotreba Trodona
Zloupotreba Trodona je vrlo prisutna u Srbiji. Iako je zakonom propisana prodaja Trodona isključivo na lekarski recept, u pojedinim privatnim apotekama se još uvek može kupiti bez istog, prodaje se na crnom tržištu, korisnici pronalaze načine da obezbede falš recepte, tako da je vrlo dostupan na tržištu. | |